FEATURES

DESCRIPTION

Also known as DSRAD_HUMAN, ADAR, ADAR1, DSRAD, G1P1, IFI4. Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing (PubMed:12618436, PubMed:7565688, PubMed:7972084). This may affect gene expression and function in a number of ways that include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence of proteins since the translational machinery read the inosine as a guanosine; pre-mRNA splicing by altering splice site recognition sequences; RNA stability by changing sequences involved in nuclease recognition; genetic stability in the case of RNA virus genomes by changing sequences during viral RNA replication; and RNA structure-dependent activities such as microRNA production or targeting or protein-RNA interactions. Can edit both viral and cellular RNAs and can edit RNAs at multiple sites (hyper-editing) or at specific sites (site-specific editing). Its cellular RNA substrates include: bladder cancer-associated protein (BLCAP), neurotransmitter receptors for glutamate (GRIA2) and serotonin (HTR2C) and GABA receptor (GABRA3). Site-specific RNA editing of transcripts encoding these proteins results in amino acid substitutions which consequently alters their functional activities. Exhibits low-level editing at the GRIA2 Q/R site, but edits efficiently at the R/G site and HOTSPOT1. Its viral RNA substrates include: hepatitis C virus (HCV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), measles virus (MV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Exhibits either a proviral (HDV, MV, VSV and HIV-1) or an antiviral effect (HCV) and this can be editing-dependent (HDV and HCV), editing-independent (VSV and MV) or both (HIV-1). Impairs HCV replication via RNA editing at multiple sites. Enhances the replication of MV, VSV and HIV-1 through an editing-independent mechanism via suppression of EIF2AK2/PKR activation and function. Stimulates both the release and infectivity of HIV-1 viral particles by an editing-dependent mechanism where it associates with viral RNAs and edits adenosines in the 5'UTR and the Rev and Tat coding sequence. Can enhance viral replication of HDV via A-to-I editing at a site designated as amber/W, thereby changing an UAG amber stop codon to an UIG tryptophan (W) codon that permits synthesis of the large delta antigen (L-HDAg) which has a key role in the assembly of viral particles. However, high levels of ADAR1 inhibit HDV replication. Homodimer. Homodimerization is essential for its catalytic activity (PubMed:12618436). Isoform 5 can form heterodimers with ADARB1/ADAR2. Isoform 1 interacts with ILF2/NF45 and ILF3/NF90 (PubMed:16055709). Binding to ILF3/NF90 up-regulates ILF3-mediated gene expression. Isoform 1 and isoform 5 (via DRBM 3 domain) interact with TNPO1 (PubMed:19124606, PubMed:24753571). Isoform 5 (via DRBM domains) interacts with XPO5 (PubMed:19124606). Isoform 1 and isoform 5 can interact with EIF2AK2/PKR and UPF1 (PubMed:17079286, PubMed:18362360).

Also known as DSRAD_HUMAN, ADAR, ADAR1, DSRAD, G1P1, IFI4. Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing (PubMed:12 ...

EXTERNAL LINKS

ADAR

Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase

ADAR

Molecular Synopsis